A huge and powerful new telescope has begun probing the universe from a high-altitude plateau in northern Chile, and astronomers hope it will reveal the earliest dawn of the cosmos.

The Alma telescope uses radio technology to see wavelengths of light that are much longer than what is visible to the human eye, and much colder than what shows up in infrared telescopes.

This allows astronomers to see some of the darkest and coldest regions of space – areas where galaxies are created, stars are formed, and planets are formed around those stars.

“With millimetre and submillimetre waves, we can watch star and planet formation, investigate astrochemistry, and detect the light that is finally reaching us from the universe’s earliest galaxies,” Alison Peck, a deputy project scientist at the Alma observatory, said.

The international observatory – Alma standing for the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array – links an array of radio antennae to act as a single giant telescope.

So far, just the first 16 of a planned 66 huge antennae have been set up at a spot 16,400 feet above sea level in Chile’s northern desert, where the air is so thin that the earth’s atmosphere causes less interference.

Even so, the observatory has already begun capturing images different from anything seen by visible-light and infrared telescopes.

Information from each antenna is then assembled into a single large view by one of the world’s fastest supercomputers, the Alma Correlator, which can perform 17 quadrillion operations per second.

More than 900 teams of astronomers around the world competed to become some of the first to use the array, said Lewis Ball, Alma’s deputy director.

“The project has been coming now for something like 28 years,” Mr Ball said. “It is very likely that even in this first period of Alma science observing we will learn things about the universe that we do not know today.”