Ninety-five years ago a committee of 12 volunteers with a budget of $5,000 embarked on a mission to change the face of US aviation, and in doing so established a legacy of innovative aeronautical research that continues at Nasa today.

Established by Congress on March 3, 1915, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or the Naca, convened its first meeting a few weeks later with marching orders to "supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight, with a view to their practical solutions".

By the time the Naca morphed into Nasa in 1958, the nation's best and brightest aeronautical engineers had established world-class laboratories, steadfastly pioneered the unknown of flight and won five Collier Trophies, the greatest honour in aviation.

"In fact, there are no production airplanes flying anywhere in the world today that do not rely on some technology derived from Naca research," said Jaiwon Shin, associate administrator for Nasa's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate in Washington.

When the Naca was formed, a dozen years had passed since the Wright Brothers made their historic flight at Kitty Hawk, and Americans had yet to embrace the airplane. We were more impressed in 1915 by Henry Ford producing his one millionth automobile.

Aeronautical researchers in Europe, however, were more aggressive in developing the airplane and by the time World War I began in 1914, the US was behind the world in aviation. Forming the NACA was a direct response to that situation.

Laboratories in Virginia, California and Ohio were constructed and soon became the centres of aviation research tasked by the committee. It was at these places known as Langley, Ames, Dryden and Lewis that the Naca made some of the most important contributions to aviation. They included development of a: Design principle involving the shape of an aircraft's wing in relation to the rest of the airplane to reduce drag and allow supersonic flight.

In addition to the technical discoveries, one of the greatest contributions of the Naca was its insistence on producing and widely distributing its reports, memoranda and notes, which allowed the rest of the aviation community to take full advantage of the research results.

All of these contributions continue to be in use today and further opened the doors to enhancement as research methods and technology improved, namely going from the slide rule to the desktop computer.

The Naca ceased to exist in its own right on September 30, 1958 - becoming the foundation for Nasa, which opened for business the next day.

Overnight, Nasa inherited a generation of experience in managing government research projects, operating the finest laboratories and wind tunnels, and training the brightest aeronautical engineers to conduct cutting-edge research.

Sources:Nasa.com