Israel's main union has ordered a nationwide general strike after soldiers recovered the bodies of six killed hostages from the Gaza Strip where the military is battling Palestinian militants.

In the evening, tens of thousands of Israelis gathered in the streets of Tel Aviv and other cities to protest the government and call for a hostage release deal.

The bodies of the six hostages were recovered Saturday "from an underground tunnel in the Rafah area" in southern Gaza, the military said.

They were among 251 hostages seized during Hamas's October 7 attack on Israel that triggered the ongoing war, 97 of whom remain captive in Gaza including 33 the army says are dead.

Scores were released during a negotiated one-week truce in November, but relatives believe not enough is being done to free those still held.

Campaign group the Hostages and Missing Families Forum said a negotiated "deal for the return of the hostages" was urgently needed.

"Were it not for the delays, sabotage and excuses" in months of mediation efforts, the six hostages "would likely still be alive", a statement said.

The families called for a nationwide general strike to force the government to reach a deal.

Shortly afterwards, the head of Israel's powerful Histadrut trade union ordered a "complete strike" for Monday in support of the hostages.

'Complete strike'

"I have come to the conclusion that only our intervention can shake those who need to be shaken," Histadrut chairman Arnon Bar-David said in a statement.

"Starting tomorrow at six in the morning, the entire Israeli economy will go on complete strike."

"A deal is not progressing due to political considerations and this is unacceptable."

During the protests in Tel Aviv, many demonstrators blocked a major highway and confronted police, "forcing" them to declare the protest illegal, the police said in a statement. 

The police then "used crowd control measures to disperse the rioters", the statement said.

The six hostages were named as Carmel Gat, Eden Yerushalmi, Almog Sarusi, Ori Danino, US-Israeli Hersh Goldberg-Polin and Russian-Israeli Alexander Lubanov.

Military spokesman Daniel Hagari said all six "were abducted alive on the morning of October 7" and "brutally murdered by Hamas terrorists shortly before we reached them".

Qatar-based Hamas official Izzat al-Rishq said they were "killed by Zionist (Israeli) bombing", an accusation the military denied.

Israeli health ministry spokeswoman Shira Solomon said the hostages were "murdered by Hamas terrorists with several close-range gunshots", some 48-72 hours before their autopsies.

A senior Hamas official told AFP on condition of anonymity "some" of the six had been "approved" for release in a potential hostage-prisoner swap under a deal yet to be agreed.

Critics in Israel have accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of prolonging the war for political gain.

Netanyahu told Lubanov's parents on Sunday: "I would like to tell you how much I regret and request forgiveness for not succeeding in bringing Sasha back alive."

Separately, he blamed Hamas leaders "who kill hostages and do not want an agreement", vowing to "settle the score" with them.

West Bank attack

US President Joe Biden said he was "devastated and outraged" by their deaths, but told reporters he was "still optimistic" a deal could be reached.

The Biden administration has been involved in ceasefire mediation efforts along with Qatar and Egypt.

In the occupied West Bank, as soldiers pressed day five of raids targeting Palestinian militants, Israeli police said a "shooting attack" killed three officers.

It took place near the Tarqumiya checkpoint in the Hebron area in the southern West Bank.

The military said it "eliminated" the suspected attacker after surrounding a house.

At least 24 Palestinians, including 14 that militant groups said were their members, have been killed since the raids began on Wednesday.

One 20-year-old soldier was killed Saturday in what Israel's military has called "counter-terrorism" operations.

In the northern West Bank, an AFP photographer saw Israeli bulldozers in Jenin city centre, a day after an official said soldiers had destroyed most of the streets and power and water had been cut off in the adjacent refugee camp.

Later Sunday an AFP photographer heard loud explosions near the camp and saw black smoke over Jenin.

The United Nations said Wednesday that at least 637 Palestinians had been killed in the territory by Israeli troops or settlers since the Gaza war began.

Twenty-three Israelis, including soldiers, have been killed in Palestinian attacks or during army operations over the same period, according to official figures.

Polio vaccinations

In the besieged Gaza Strip, "humanitarian pauses" in the nearly 11-month war between Israel and Hamas were due to take place to facilitate a massive polio vaccination drive which a health official said began in earnest Sunday.

Hamas's October 7 attack resulted in the deaths of 1,205 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on Israeli official figures.

Israel's offensive has killed at least 40,738 people in Gaza, according to the Hamas-run territory's health ministry. The UN rights office says most of the dead are women and children.

The fighting has devastated Gaza, repeatedly displaced most of its 2.4 million people and triggered a humanitarian crisis.

Water, sanitation and medical facilities have been ravaged, contributing to the spread of preventable disease.

The World Health Organization has said Israel agreed to a series of three-day "humanitarian pauses" to facilitate the campaign that aims to vaccinate some 640,000 children, after the first confirmed case in Gaza in 25 years.

On Sunday, it was formally launched at three health centres in central Gaza, said Yasser Shaaban, director of Al-Awda hospital.

"We hope this vaccination campaign for children will be calm," said Shaaban, noting there were "a lot of drones" flying overhead.

The health ministry in Gaza said late Sunday that 72,611 children were vaccinated on the first day of the campaign.

Gaza health officials said an air strike targeting policemen in a school sheltering displaced Palestinians killed at least 11 people on Sunday.

Israel's military said it hit a Hamas command centre.