This article was being penned before the extraordinary events on Monday morning when the international headlines were still dominated by the spreading of the coronavirus which hugely impacted the performance of global equity markets.
Many commentators and investors generally refer to a bull market or a bear market to describe the different phases of a stock market or the performance of a specific asset class. A bear market is normally defined as a decline of 20 per cent in the value of the stock market while a bull market represents an upturn in excess of 20 per cent.
Meanwhile, when a stock market index or an asset class falls by more than 10 per cent from its most recent peak, it is often said to have entered “correction” territory. It is referred to as a correction because historically the drop often “corrects” and the price or the index returns to their longer-term trend.
In February, the European equity market experienced its fastest correction in 30 years. In just nine trading days between February 18 and 28, the MSCI Europe index fell by 12.5 per cent coinciding with the news of a rapid rise in new COVID-19 infections outside China.
During the first week of March, equity markets attempted a recovery but remained extremely volatile from one day to the next despite the surprising 50 basis point interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve on March 3 in an effort to protect the US economy from the impact of a coronavirus outbreak.
However, a sudden turn of events over the weekend of March 7 brought another dimension to the performance of the financial markets over recent days.
The breakdown of the OPEC talks in Vienna on Friday, followed by Saudi Arabia’s announcement that it would abandon attempts to limit supply, and instead aim to increase its market share, overshadowed the impact of the coronavirus and is now the main driver of stock market movements. As a result of this dramatic development, on Monday morning the oil price suffered a historic decline as it tumbled by no less than 30 per cent (the steepest daily decline since the Gulf War in 1991) causing another significant drop across all international equity markets.
Until last week, one of the main questions being asked was whether equity markets will indeed enter a bear market or recover from the ‘coronavirus-induced correction’ and continue their upward trajectory that commenced shortly after the start of the global financial crisis in September 2008.
The steep decline in the oil price coupled with the spiralling impact from the coronavirus amplified fears that a global economic recession will now emerge, sent equity markets deeper into negative territory on Monday. As a result, all the major European indices are in official bear market territory having fallen more than 20 per cent with the worst performer being the Italian FTSE MIB Index with a decline of 27.5 per cent. In the US, following Monday’s 7.6 per cent decline, the S&P 500 is 19 per cent below its intraday all-time high of 3,393.52 points touched as recently as February 19 and, therefore, very close to entering a bear market.
Before the events earlier this week, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) had already stated that the virus had put the world economy in its most “precarious position” since the 2008 financial crisis. There were signs that the virus was stabilising in mainland China, but it is still too early to gauge the duration of this health crisis as the number of cases is still spreading rapidly in certain countries in Europe (mainly Italy) and now also in the US.
Many financial market commentators had been comparing the current situation of the coronavirus to that in 2003 following the outbreak of SARS which was, however, much less severe. Moreover, certain sectors are performing much worse, reflecting the greater importance of Chinese consumers and Chinese demand for commodities than in 2003. Due to the very disruptive containment measures introduced so far in Italy to halt the further spreading of the disease and potentially to be followed in other countries in due course, it is not clear how much economic damage will be caused before things start to improve.
Many investors may have been looking at the downturn across equity markets to acquire shares of companies that have been worst affected by the coronavirus in anticipation of a swift rally thereafter.
March 9 will be remembered as a new ‘Black Monday’
However, the extraordinary events earlier this week added another dimension that may not have been taken into account earlier. It is, therefore, harder to understand the speed with which markets can recover once the virus is contained since it is dependent not only on the scale of economic disruption in the intervening period but also on the repercussions of the oil price shock.
During the recent extraordinary few weeks, certain sectors were very badly impacted while others fared generally better. Luxury goods, oil and gas companies and airlines are among the worst performers. In the luxury goods sector, LVMH and Kering (the parent company of Gucci) saw their share prices shed 23 per cent and 26 per cent respectively from their recent all-time highs in mid-January. The share price of Ryanair skidded by an extraordinary 35 per cent within a few weeks and, similarly, in the oil and gas sector, the share prices of most of the major oil producers experienced a significant decline. The share price of BP plc for example sunk by 36 per cent since its 2019 high to its lowest level since 2010.
The utilities, healthcare and consumer staples sectors are generally regarded as defensive sectors and indeed they have significantly outperformed the wider market. However, these sectors still performed negatively with declines of between nine and 12 per cent
In Malta, the first cases of coronavirus were reported over the weekend. The equity market dropped to a fresh one-year low on Monday registering a drop of seven per cent from its recent high which is much less compared to the steeper declines across the larger international equity markets. The equity that was understandably impacted the most was Malta International Airport plc, whose share price entered deep into correction territory as it shed 18.6 per cent from its recent high of €7. Moreover, the equity is down by more than 28 per cent from its all-time high of €7.95 in May 2019.
March 9 will be remembered as a new ‘Black Monday’ for financial markets. Although in times like these many people get frightened and may panic, investors must always keep in mind their medium- to long-term investment objectives which should not be affected by such extraordinary events.
The above graph clearly indicates that periods when markets tumble such as in October 1987, in the year 2000 and in September 2008 (when Lehman Brothers went bankrupt), turned out to be temporary events in a long-term upward trajectory for equity markets.
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