The Maltese connection to the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie will be called into question with fresh evidence presented in the second appeal of the convicted bomber.
A representative of the British victims' families told The Sunday Times yesterday: "I firmly believe the bomb did not leave from Malta."
The appeal, launched last Tuesday, challenged the testimony of key witness Tony Gauci, a Maltese shopkeeper who had identified Abdel Basset al-Megrahi as having bought clothes from his shop that were later found wrapped around the bomb.
The prosecution's line in the initial trial was that Mr al-Megrahi, a Libyan intelligence agent, placed the bomb and clothes in a suitcase checked in at Luqa airport and transferred on to the ill-fated Pan Am flight in Frankfurt.
Ever since Mr al-Megrahi's conviction in 2001, Malta has been implicated in the terrorist act that killed 270 people.
But Mr al-Megrahi's lawyer, Margaret Scott, tore into Mr Gauci's evidence during last Friday's appeal hearing, saying the witness had initially given descriptions of the man in his shop as being taller and more than 10 years older.
"What we have here is a striking discrepancy," she told the Court of Criminal Appeal in Edinburgh, according to The Scotsman.
Investigating officers had shown the shopkeeper several photos but he rejected them, because the people were too young. He had even rejected the page showing the photo of Mr al-Megrahi.
But the lawyer told the court last Friday that "unlike before", Mr Gauci was told to look at the photos again. "It was a clear message that there is something there to be found," Dr Scott said.
In fact, Mr Gauci never identified Mr al-Megrahi. He simply stated: "He resembles him a lot."
The trial judges had accepted this identification as a "highly important element" of the case.
Attempts by The Sunday Times to contact Mr Gauci proved futile. During a visit to his Sliema shop yesterday, a man who claimed to be his brother said he had not seen the key witness for a month and insisted he had no comment to make.
Mr al-Megrahi's lawyer will call into question four crucial pieces of evidence that secured his conviction. These are that the accused bought the clothing found with the bomb; that the purchase happened on December 7, 1988; that the buyer knew the purpose for which the clothing was bought; and that the suitcase containing the bomb left from Malta. An element absent from the original trial provides a compelling alternative to the idea that the bomb left from Malta.
Just over 12 years after the bombing, the courts heard retired Heathrow security guard Ray Manly testify that a door leading to the baggage build-up area at Terminal 3 was forced open on the night of December 20, 1988.
The intruder, he had told court, could have easily introduced and tagged a suitcase as Pan Am baggage.
Dr Jim Swire, father of 24-year-old victim Flora, told The Sunday Times yesterday he believed the Malta connection was false: "Security at Luqa conformed to the requirement to check the amount of bags getting on to an aircraft and making sure it agreed with the number that had gone off at the other end."
In the case of the Air Malta flight, which allegedly carried the suitcase with the explosive, "the records show unequivocally that the bags loaded belonged to the passengers and that there were no other bags... and that in Frankfurt the same amount of bags were accounted for."
Dr Swire believed the possibility that the bomb had been planted at Heathrow was suppressed: "Despite this security breach, the airport was not shut down until the breach was explained. Had this been done, I believe my daughter would still be alive." He hoped this second trial would prove to be the watershed he and other sceptical relatives had been waiting for.
However, the appeal may not be concluded if Mr al-Megrahi chooses to return home through a prisoner exchange programme between the UK and Libya, which was ratified by Britain last week.
Mr Al-Megrahi, 57, is suffering from advanced prostate cancer. A decision to drop the appeal would leave him condemned as guilty.
A Scottish journalist following the case told The Sunday Times he suspected that Mr al-Megrahi could be biding his time until this first round of the appeal was over.
"If the judges return with an early verdict in favour of al-Megrahi, he goes back home a free man. If not, he'll likely take the exchange."
Dr Swire was sympathetic to Mr al-Megrahi's position. Although it could mean he would never know the truth about his daughter's death, he said: "Put yourself in his shoes, what else would you do?"
"I would go, and could not blame him if he does. He has told me before that he would rather clear his name before he goes home," Dr Swire added.
But if the appeal did not go through, Dr Swire would be "clamouring" for a full inquiry, which would also be in Malta's interest.
"I think Malta has nothing but substance to gain from this."
Chronology of the Lockerbie trial
• December 21, 1988: Pan Am Flight 103 from London to New York blows up over Scotland, killing 270 people.
• November 14, 1991: The US and UK accuse Libyans Abdel Basset al-Megrahi and Al-Amin Khalifa Fahima of involvement.
• March 31, 1992: UN Security Council Resolution 748 tells Libya to surrender the suspects by April 15 or face a worldwide ban on air travel and arms sales, and restriction on diplomatic presence.
• April 15, 1992: UN air and arms embargo takes effect.
• June 24, 1992: Libya's General People's Congress says suspects can go on trial in a "just and fair" court supervised by the UN or Arab League.
• November 11, 1993: UN Security Council adopts Resolution 883 tightening sanctions against Libya.
• March 23, 1995: The FBI offers a record $4 million reward for information leading to the arrest of the two suspects.
• April 21, 1998: Suspects' lawyer says he agrees with victims' families on a trial in The Netherlands.
• March 19, 1999: Libya agrees to hand over suspects on or before April 6.
• April 5, 1999: The suspects are flown to The Netherlands; the UN later suspends sanctions against Libya.
• April 6, 1999: Suspects appear before court at a former US base, Camp Zeist.
• April 20, 1999: EU suspends sanctions against Libya.
• May 3, 2000: Trial begins with defence suggesting two Palestinian groups were responsible for the bombing.
• January 31, 2001: Three Scottish judges convict Mr al-Megrahi of the murder of 270 people. He gets mandatory life sentence while Mr Fahima is released.
• February 1, 2001: The British relatives of the victims say they will not be content until they know the motives of those who murdered their loved ones.
• February 3, 2001: Dr Hans Kochler, the UN's international observer, produces a report saying the guilty verdict was "arbitrary" and "irrational"; he calls for the case to be re-investigated.
• February 5, 2001: Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi condemns the verdict as an "injustice" and insists "Libya was innocent of Lockerbie".
• February 6, 2001: Prof. Robert Black, a former judge and Scotland's leading expert on criminal procedure, says the Crown failed to comply with legal rules.
• March 14, 2002: Judges turn down Mr al-Megrahi's appeal.
• March11, 2003: Libya agrees to pay up to $10 million per victim or about $2.7 billion in total.
• August 15, 2003: Libya tells the UN it accepts responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing.
• September 12, 2003: Security Council votes for resolution to lift sanctions on Libya.
• November 24, 2003: Scottish judges rule Mr al-Megrahi must serve a minimum of 27 years.
• February 24, 2005: Mr al-Megrahi is moved from maximum security Barlinnie jail in Glasgow, where he was being held in solitary confinement, to a prison in Greenock.
• October 13, 2007: Marion Irvine, sister of victim Bill Cadman, writes to The Independent British journalist Robert Fisk: "We have felt since the first days that something was being hidden from us..."
• April 28, 2009: Mr al-Megrahi launches another appeal against his conviction.