In the Libyan capital Tripoli, where war casts a long shadow over everyday life, a church offers something of a sanctuary for Christian migrants.

Saint Francis Catholic Church in the heart of  Tripoli is a place of comfort and hope for Christmas, this year, more than ever.

"Attendance is in line with normal, at least so far", Maltese Bishop George Bugeja, 57, told AFP. 

"We have kept the celebrations the same as usual."

"I find life very difficult but here at the church... I forget I am in Libya, if only for a few hours", Nigerian engineer Jonathan Joshua said.

The 30-year-old arrived in the country four years ago and lives and works in the capital's eastern suburbs. 

"If the situation allows", he makes the trip to the church to attend Mass, making himself useful as an usher.

In early April, strongman Khalifa Haftar -- who has long held sway in eastern Libya -- launched a military offensive against the capital, seat of the UN recognised Government of National Accord.  Deadly fighting in Tripoli's southern reaches has hit civilians, and left migrants more vulnerable than ever.

A July 3 airstrike killed 53 people at a detention centre for migrants in the eastern suburb of Tajoura.

- Laughter and tears -

On Friday afternoons -- a weekend in Libya -- the calm pervading outside the church doors contrasts against incessant comings and goings inside.

Christians, all foreigners, take the opportunity to flock to their place of worship.
Sporting a white jacket and black trousers, Jonathan confers with fellow ushers for a candlelight mass as Christmas approaches.   

Various languages mingle in the festive air, along with the laughter and tears of children impatient for the start of the ceremony.

Six young girls flap the wings of their costumes while slipping between the church pews, but are quickly brought back in line by Jonathan, anxious to ensure a degree of order. 

The biggest Christian communities in Tripoli by nationality are from the Philippines, India and Pakistan, working in the health and construction sectors in particular.

Many others are from sub-Saharan Africa and particularly vulnerable due to a lack of immigration paperwork.

- 'Not much choice' -

Mgr Bugeja said there has been a steady stream of Filipinos and Nigerians going home because of the deteriorating security situation.

There was once a very large Filipino community "but now we are far fewer", said 62-year-old Erlinda, a nurse who has lived in Libya for 37 years.

She arrived at the age of 25, married a Libyan and bore four children, all of whom are now themselves married. 

"Our life is here. My husband, my children and their families live and work in Libya".

While most Filipinos have left, others are reluctant to go home.
"They find it difficult to find work if they return home," Erlinda said. "We have a stable life here. At our age, it is retirement or we start again from zero".

For Erlina and her family, "the church is a reliable place...  of peace and joy and sharing, above all in this period of the year when we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. 

"These are moments of spiritual joy".

Italian Berto -- a teacher who arrived five years ago and one of the few Europeans still in Libya's capital – said he went to the church just to "take a look". 

"Nothing perturbs me in this country anymore. I am used to the life here". "Either you love it or you hate it here", he mused.