With donations down 25%, revenues from the Vatican Museums slashed 85% and millions of euros spent to support struggling tenants, the coronavirus pandemic has left a big hole in Pope Francis' finances.
"It's a difficult period for the Vatican, as elsewhere in the world," a senior official with knowledge of the Vatican's 2020 accounts told AFP, while adding that "the financial situation is not alarming".
Just one branch of the Vatican's organisation, the Roman Curia, had a financial shortfall "of the order of €90 million" in 2020, compared with a deficit of €11 million in 2019, he said.
Factoring separately into the calculations are the governorate of the Vatican City State (which manages the museums), the Vatican Bank, Peter's Pence (direct donations from the faithful to the pope), a pension fund and foundations.
Taken altogether, the Vatican employs nearly 5,000 people.
The 2021 budget was discussed Tuesday at a virtual meeting of the Vatican's council for the economy, which includes members from around the world.
Pain of empty museums
The Roman Curia has taken a financial hit from the coronavirus pandemic both at home - Italy has been one of the worst-affected countries - and in terms of contributions from the worldwide Catholic church.
But last year it saw revenues decline by "20 to 25%" - and expects a similar blow in 2021.
Peter's Pence, donations from the global faithful for the pope, is expected to fall by around 25% on the €53 million collected in 2019.
Other major donations from dioceses or institutions are estimated to have fallen by a similar degree.
Meanwhile, the long-awaited February 1 reopening of the Vatican Museums, which drew seven million tourists in 2019 to jewels such as the Sistine Chapel, was some much-needed good news.
Museum revenues were down 85% in 2020, a loss of income "of the order of €100 million", the source said.
The Governorate of the Vatican City State, which manages the museums, has as a result halved the €30 million it normally gives the Roman Curia for its operations.
The Vatican has been able to draw on its financial reserves, which are sufficiently well stocked to allow it to hold on for a "few years" without having to sell off real estate, the source added.
At the same time, with the pandemic, the pope's services have spent more on humanitarian interventions and aid to the churches in the Middle East, for example.
The Vatican, a major property owner, has also supported companies in difficulty by reducing or deferring commercial rents, costing over €5 million.
"We will not rule out similar measures in the near future," Nunzio Galantino, head of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA), told AFP.
No debt, no taxes
The Roman Curia saved 10% last year on cancelled conferences and trips, including those by the pope, the Vatican source told AFP.
But the costs of its global presence remain high: the Vatican maintains 125 permanent diplomatic posts, a communications network in 40 different languages and a property portfolio that includes world-famous sites such as St Peter's Basilica.
And there is not much room for financial manoeuvre.
The Vatican "cannot go into debt or raise taxes like a state", the head of the Vatican's economy department, Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves, said in October last year.
The Vatican's investment strategy has come under intense scrutiny in recent years, with questions notably around the purchase of a luxury property in London.
But to those who criticised the management of the church, Alves countered that "the Holy See does not work like a company", because "it does not seek profits".