South Korea accused the North of flying several drones across their shared border on Monday, prompting Seoul's military to deploy warplanes to shoot them down - with local media reporting one of the planes later crashed.
The incursion was the first time in years that North Korean drones have invaded the South's airspace and came hot on the heels of a recent flurry of sanctions-busting weapons tests by Pyongyang.
The South's Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said the military first detected a suspected North Korean unmanned aerial vehicle around the airspace of Gimpo at 10.25am (0125 GMT) and "responded immediately".
"This is a clear act of provocation in which North Korea invaded our airspace," a JCS official told reporters.
The incursion prompted Seoul to fire warning shots and deploy fighter jets and attack helicopters to shoot down the five drones, one of which reached airspace near the capital.
One of the warplanes, a KA-1 light attack aircraft, later crashed in Hoengseong County, Yonhap news agency reported.
The military did not indicate whether the objects had been shot down or had gone back over the border, one of the most heavily-fortified locations in the world.
The South Korean military also deployed its own manned and unmanned reconnaissance assets to areas near and north of the Military Demarcation Line for "corresponding measures".
"We conducted reconnaissance and operational activities, including photographing major enemy military facilities," the JCS official said.
"Our military will continue to respond thoroughly and resolutely to such provocations by North Korea," he added.
Flights were temporarily suspended at Gimpo and Incheon international airports - the country's two major hubs - for about an hour at the request of the JCS, according to Yonhap, which cited an official from South Korea's transport ministry.
Yang Moo-jin, a professor at the University of North Korean Studies in Seoul, said the incident marked the first time that South Korean flights were suspended over "the appearance of North Korean drones", adding they were likely for spying purposes.
"Considering North Korea's poor level of drone development, there is little possibility that they carry the drone attack capabilities used in modern warfare," he added.
"It is speculated that they came over to our area as part of reconnaissance training during the recent winter training."
Drone operations
It was the first time in five years that North Korean drones had invaded South Korean airspace, and the latest in a series of provocations from Pyongyang this year, including an unprecedented blitz of weapons tests - among them, the launch of its most powerful intercontinental ballistic missile yet.
Last week, Pyongyang also fired two short-range ballistic missiles and claimed to have developed new capabilities to take images from space, saying it would be ready to launch a reconnaissance satellite by April next year.
The North's drone operations are a growing security concern in Seoul, but Pyongyang has denied any involvement and accused South Korea of fabricating evidence.
In 2017, Seoul's military fired warning shots at a flying object that entered the country's airspace from North Korea across the Demilitarised Zone.
A year earlier, South Korean soldiers fired warning shots at a suspected North Korean drone that crossed the western part of the border, the most sensitive part of the Demilitarised Zone.
In September 2015, South Korea triggered an anti-aircraft warning and sent an attack helicopter and fighter jet to track down a drone that crossed the border, without success.
And in 2014, a South Korean fisherman found the wreckage of a North Korean drone in his net near a frontline island south of the rivals' disputed Yellow Sea border.